기술 / 하드웨어 / Superconducting circuits
Superconducting circuits
Microwave-controlled electrical circuits at millikelvin temperatures.
트레이드오프
강점: Fast gates; Semiconductor-style fabrication; Mature ecosystem.
도전 과제: Cryogenics; Wiring; Crosstalk; Coherence.
성숙도: early-commercial (cloud access); fault tolerance in progress.
Specific gate speeds, fidelities and qubit counts are not published here, they change quarterly. Verify against each company's latest technical publications, not press releases.
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IBM
The largest superconducting program: processors on the cloud since 2016, an open software stack (Qiskit), and a public roadmap toward error-corrected systems.
public · IBM
Google Quantum AI
Alphabet's superconducting effort. The 2019 supremacy-benchmark claim and prominent below-threshold error-correction demonstrations.
subsidiary · GOOGL (Alphabet)
Rigetti Computing
A public pure-play building superconducting chips and full systems, with its own fabrication facility and cloud access.
public · RGTI
IQM
Europe's largest superconducting startup, selling on-premise systems to research centers and building co-design processors.
private
Fujitsu / RIKEN
A Japanese industrial-academic partnership producing domestic superconducting systems and hybrid quantum-classical platforms.
research-lab
AWS (Amazon)
Amazon's hardware effort focuses on error-corrected cat-qubit architectures, alongside the Braket cloud service offering other vendors' machines.
subsidiary · AMZN (Amazon)
Alice & Bob
French startup building 'cat qubits'. Superconducting qubits designed to suppress bit-flip errors by construction, aiming to shrink error-correction overhead.
private